Windows Subsystem for Android (WSA) runs Android apps on Windows 11 Runs Android 11 behind the scenes Similar to Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) Comes with Amazon Appstore (US Only for now) An Amazon account is required to use the Amazon Appstore Allows for developer mode support and sideloading Android apps are on your start menu Only in Windows 11 WSA utilizes a virtual machine (VM)

Android on Windows 11: A Developer’s Perspective

Jim McKeeth

3 years ago

The Windows Subsystem for Android (WSA) integrates native Android apps into the Windows 11 desktop. This post will teach you how to set up and configure the Windows Subsystem for Android for use in software development. It will be much easier for developers to replicate this with the use of Windows tools for developers.

Read on to see what is required to run WSA as well as what is required to target it from your Android development. Windows Subsystem for Android is available for public preview on Windows 11. I was joined by a special surprise guest: Scott Hanselman.

Watch the full replay on YouTube

https://youtu.be/ub6WVP26_Cg

Table of Contents

Android on Windows?

Windows Subsystem for Android (WSA) runs Android apps on Windows 11
Runs Android 11 behind the scenes
Similar to Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)
Comes with Amazon Appstore (US Only for now)
- An Amazon account is required to use the Amazon Appstore
Allows for developer mode support and sideloading
Android apps are on your start menu
Only in Windows 11
WSA utilizes a virtual machine (VM)

Hardware Requirements

Requires an SSD
I wasn’t able to run it in a VM
On Windows x64 (Intel or AMD) it uses an interoperability layer
On Windows ARM64 it runs natively
Windows 11 enforces a minimum screen requirement of 720p resolution (1280×720) with a >9” screen.

_{System Requirements Documentation
WSA support.microsoft.com/windows/f8d0abb5-44ad-47d8-b9fb-ad6b1459ff6c
Windows 11 support.microsoft.com/windows/86c11283-ea52-4782-9efd-7674389a7ba3}

WSA Installation

Windows Subsystem for Android is available for public preview on Windows 11.
Install the Amazon Appstore from the Microsoft Store.
- Alternatively just install an Android app from the Microsoft Store.
_{docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/android/wsa/ & support.microsoft.com/windows/f8d0abb5-44ad-47d8-b9fb-ad6b1459ff6c}

WSA VM Lifecycle

There are three possible states for the VM running apps with Windows Subsystem for Android:
- Running
- Lightweight Doze: After no app activity for 3 minutes. Deactivated by user activity or an app notification.
- Not Running: After activity for 7 minutes.
Transitions between these states are triggered by user activity, Android app or an app notification.
Android apps are paused and then stopped when their window is minimized.
_{Docs docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/android/wsa/}

Performance

The data on this chart is gathered from user-submitted Geekbench 5 CPU results from the Geekbench Browser: browser.geekbench.com

_Sources:

Passmark Performance Test

Sources: PassMark PerformanceTest Mobile

Hardware Report

_{Notes: From Geekbench 5
Resolution is based on Android app window size
320 PPI when running at 200% scale
160 PPI when running at 100% scale}

Settings & Developer Mode

Launch Windows Subsystem for Android
Scroll down & enable Developer mode
Copy the IP address
Use ADB to connect -> adb connect 172.24.203.234
Optional:
- Connect from other local computers via your IP address and port specified
- Manage Android Settings via link
Note:
- Subsystem can run “As needed” or “Continuous”
- Files let you browse but not transfer files

Digging into Details

Who is Houdini?

ARM to x86 native bridge by Intel.
Not a lot of official public information.
Also used in Intel Chromebooks, and desktop emulators like BlueStacks & NOX.
Reads ARM opcodes and produces corresponding behavior in x86.
binfmt_misc (Miscellaneous Binary Format) Linux kernel feature passes ARM to Houdini.
Related files on WSA
- _{/system/lib64/libhoudini.so}
- _{/system/lib/libhoudini.so}
- _{/vendor/lib/libhoudini.so}
- _{/vendor/lib64/libhoudini.so}
- _{/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc}
- _{/vendor/etc/binfmt_misc/arm64_dyn}
- _{/vendor/etc/binfmt_misc/arm64_exe}
- _{/vendor/etc/binfmt_misc/arm_dyn}
- _{/vendor/etc/binfmt_misc/arm_exe}

Sideloading

Connect: adb connect <ip>
Check connection: adb devices
Install: adb install -r –no-streaming <apk file>
Uninstall: adb shell pm uninstall -k com.embarcadero.ProjectName
Run app: _{adb shell am start -n com.embarcadero.ProjectName/com.embarcadero.firemonkey.FMXNativeActivity}
Kill/Stop app: adb shell am force-stop com.embarcadero.ProjectName
Open shell: adb -d shell
Push file: adb push <local file name> /storage/emulated/0/Download
Pull file: adb pull /storage/emulated/0/Download <local file name>

Targeting from Delphi & RAD Studio IDE

A single FMX project can target Windows or Android already.
WSA is in Preview and not yet fully support by Delphi, but that won’t stop us….
Connect with ADB and then it shows up in the IDE.
FireMonkey apps either don’t run or report error “Your Android device does not support selected platform architecture.”
Sideloading!
- Compile for Android 64
- adb install -r –no-streaming FireMonkeyApp.apk
- Also make resizable

Making Your Android App Resizable

Edit AndroidManifest.Template.xml

_{<application android:resizeableActivity=“true”>}

Note that if you have multiple Android apps in the same folder they share the same AndroidManifest.Template.xml
Allows FMX Android app to resize as expected.